First World economies will increasingly be marked by an Officialness Divide between formal institutions for the rich and informal gig economies for the poor.

Judge by 2023. The test is whether, between 2018 and 2023, high-income ('First World') economies became increasingly marked by a divide in which richer people mainly used formal, official institutions (salaried employment, credentialed and regulated services) while poorer people increasingly relied on informal or gig arrangements. TRUE: data or research covering several high-income economies show that gig, informal or unofficial work and services grew over 2018–2023, with the growth concentrated among lower-income people, so the income divide widened. MOSTLY TRUE: the pattern holds in most of the economies examined, or holds clearly but with a modest scale. MIXED: gig or informal work grew but was not clearly stratified by income, or the pattern appears in only some major economies. MOSTLY FALSE: only small or anecdotal signs of such a divide, while the broad data show stable shares. FALSE: the data show gig and informal work shares flat or declining among lower-income people, or no widening of an income-based divide.

Set before the research began.

1. E1 America’s gig economy workforce holds steady around 10% of total The Edge Malaysia (reporting on a BLS report) · 9 November 2024

   “About one-tenth of the US labour force is working in the gig economy, a share that’s held steady from the pre-pandemic years, a new government study found.”

2. E2 Contingent and Alternative Employment Arrangements News Release U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics · 8 November 2024

   “In May 2017, the last time the survey was conducted, 3.8 percent of workers held contingent jobs.”

3. E3 digital platform workers Statistics Explained Eurostat · 21 September 2025

   “Digital platform workers were more likely to be male than female (3.2 % of all males aged 15-64 compared with 2.8 % of all females).”

4. E4 digital platform workers Statistics Explained Eurostat · 21 September 2025

   “In 2022, 3.0 % of people reported digital platform employment in the last 12 months”

E1 reports a new US government study finding that about one-tenth of the US labour force works in the gig economy, a share that has held steady since the pre-pandemic years. That points to stable shares, not a growing gig sector, in the US. E2 gives only the 2017 baseline for contingent work. E3 and E4 give a single 2022 snapshot of EU platform work (3.0%) with a breakdown by sex but not by income, so they show neither growth nor an income divide. The available data point to stable shares and do not show a widening income-based divide, but they cover few economies and have no income breakdown, so the claim resolves mostly false rather than false.