Claims

2,653 claims by 33 public figures and organisations, checked against the public record. Each has its quote, source, verdict and evidence. Read them without a key; browse by person.

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2,653 claims, sorted by newest said. Choose a claim to read it in full.
VerdictPersonKindSaidClaimTopic
Mostly true Jeremy Grantham Prediction Oct 2009 Grantham said his personal view was that a major China stumble in the next three years or so was maybe only a one in three chance, but was still the most likely important unpleasant surprise of the fundamental economic variety. Jeremy Grantham · Prediction · Oct 2009 Economics and markets
Resolved true Jeremy Grantham Prediction Oct 2009 The rising market will be stopped, by Grantham's blind guess in the first few months of 2010, by a combination of factors. Jeremy Grantham · Prediction · Oct 2009 Economics and markets
Mostly true Jeremy Grantham Factual Oct 2009 Less than a year before October 2009, the banks behind that year's record bonus pool, estimated at about $23 billion, had been on the edge of a run on the bank. Jeremy Grantham · Factual · Oct 2009 Economics and markets
Resolved false Jeremy Grantham Prediction Oct 2009 GMO's seven-year forecast return for the S&P 500 is well below 3%, while the high-quality subset is still handsome. Jeremy Grantham · Prediction · Oct 2009 Economics and markets
Resolved false Jeremy Grantham Prediction Oct 2009 The irony may well be that strong economic data in 2010 is likely to be accompanied by a weak stock market. Jeremy Grantham · Prediction · Oct 2009 Economics and markets
Mostly true Peter Thiel Factual 1 May 2009 In America, people are imprisoned for using mild drugs, tortured by the government, and forced to bail out reckless financial companies. Peter Thiel · Factual · 1 May 2009 Philosophy, ethics and society
Mostly true Peter Thiel Factual 13 Apr 2009 Thiel has focused his efforts as entrepreneur and investor on new technologies, notably the Internet, that may create a new space for freedom. Peter Thiel · Factual · 13 Apr 2009 Technology
Mostly true Peter Thiel Factual 13 Apr 2009 The 2008-09 financial crisis was caused by too much debt and leverage, facilitated by a government that insured against moral hazards, and the response involves more debt, leverage and government. Peter Thiel · Factual · 13 Apr 2009 Economics and markets
Mostly true Peter Thiel Factual 13 Apr 2009 As a Stanford undergraduate, Thiel started a student newspaper that he says scored some limited victories, most notably in undoing speech codes instituted by the university. Peter Thiel · Factual · 13 Apr 2009 Their own work or organisation
Mixed Peter Thiel Factual 13 Apr 2009 In the late 1990s, PayPal's founding vision centered on creating a new world currency free from all government control and dilution. Peter Thiel · Factual · 13 Apr 2009 Economics and markets
Mostly true Nassim Taleb Factual 12 Jan 2009 Banks positioned themselves with no real upside and a lot of downside from black swans, receiving a little cash flow in exchange for bearing all the downside. Nassim Taleb · Factual · 12 Jan 2009 Economics and markets
Mostly true Nassim Taleb Factual 12 Jan 2009 Taleb warned that financial theories, financial-risk managers and quantitative finance practitioners were dangerous to society. Nassim Taleb · Factual · 12 Jan 2009 Economics and markets
Mostly true Nassim Taleb Factual 12 Jan 2009 Taleb says that in The Black Swan he warned against some classes of risk people don't understand and against risk managers' tools that could not fully capture the properties of the world in which we live. Nassim Taleb · Factual · 12 Jan 2009 Economics and markets
Mostly true Nassim Taleb Factual 12 Jan 2009 Before Europeans discovered Australia, Europeans had no reason to believe swans could be any colour other than white, and on seeing black swans they revised their beliefs. Nassim Taleb · Factual · 12 Jan 2009 Philosophy, ethics and society
Mostly true Nassim Taleb Factual 12 Jan 2009 In the 1920s the German mark went from three marks to the dollar to three trillion marks to the dollar in a very short time. Nassim Taleb · Factual · 12 Jan 2009 Economics and markets
Mixed Nassim Taleb Factual 12 Jan 2009 The computer, the Internet and the laser were recent technological developments that came out of nowhere and were not understood when they appeared. Nassim Taleb · Factual · 12 Jan 2009 Technology
Mostly true Nassim Taleb Factual 12 Jan 2009 The Internet was not built to help people communicate in chat rooms; it began as a military application and evolved. Nassim Taleb · Factual · 12 Jan 2009 Technology
Mostly true Nassim Taleb Factual 12 Jan 2009 Taleb said the financial crisis occurred because people took many hidden risks, which meant a small blip could have massive consequences. Nassim Taleb · Factual · 12 Jan 2009 Economics and markets
Mostly true Nouriel Roubini Factual 2009 Greenspan and the Fed spoke of irrational exuberance in tech stocks in 1996 without acting, and after the tech bubble burst cut rates to 1%, then to zero after the housing bust. Nouriel Roubini · Factual · 2009 Economics and markets
Resolved true Nouriel Roubini Factual 2009 US real home prices doubled between 1996 and 2006, whereas historically home prices never rose more than inflation. Nouriel Roubini · Factual · 2009 Economics and markets
Mostly true Nouriel Roubini Factual 2009 Roubini began worrying about the US economy and financial system in 2006 after seeing an unsustainable housing bubble in home prices and mortgages. Nouriel Roubini · Factual · 2009 Their own work or organisation
Mostly true Nouriel Roubini Factual 2009 Roubini wrote about his concerns in summer 2006 and gave a speech to a few hundred International Monetary Fund staff in early September 2006. Nouriel Roubini · Factual · 2009 Their own work or organisation
Mostly true Nassim Taleb Factual 2009 The public bore the cost of banking crises in 1983 and in 1991-1992. Nassim Taleb · Factual · 2009 Economics and markets
Mostly true Nouriel Roubini Factual 2009 The Fed's philosophy was to not act against asset bubbles on the way up, as hard to identify and dangerous to prick, but to ease aggressively after they burst. Nouriel Roubini · Factual · 2009 Economics and markets
Mostly true Nouriel Roubini Factual 2009 After the 1987 stock market crash the Fed eased aggressively, giving the impression it would rescue markets, leading to talk of a 'Greenspan put'. Nouriel Roubini · Factual · 2009 Economics and markets
Mostly true Nouriel Roubini Factual 2009 In 2006 people were sceptical of Roubini's predictions, talking instead of high growth, a Goldilocks economy and a gently deflating minor housing bubble. Nouriel Roubini · Factual · 2009 Their own work or organisation
Mostly true Nouriel Roubini Factual 2009 By mid-2006 US new home production had risen more than speculative demand, housing starts were peaking, new home sales were flattening and price increases were slowing. Nouriel Roubini · Factual · 2009 Economics and markets
Mostly true Nassim Taleb Factual 2009 Taleb said the only important thing was that he had protected his clients. Nassim Taleb · Factual · 2009 Their own work or organisation
Resolved true Nassim Taleb Factual 3 Apr 2008 Nassim Taleb worked on Wall Street for close to two decades in trading and risk management of derivatives. Nassim Taleb · Factual · 3 Apr 2008 Their own work or organisation
Mostly true Nassim Taleb Factual 3 Apr 2008 Today the entire banking system is dominated by a few very large banks, and almost all of them have the same exposures. Nassim Taleb · Factual · 3 Apr 2008 Economics and markets
Mostly true Nassim Taleb Factual 3 Apr 2008 Taleb said that a point he had just made, which mentioned J.P. Morgan, turned out to be true with the Bear Stearns rescue. Nassim Taleb · Factual · 3 Apr 2008 Economics and markets
Mostly true Eliezer Yudkowsky Factual 2008 Overconfidence is no longer noteworthy in the modern field but continues to show up in nearly any experiment allowing extreme probabilities. Eliezer Yudkowsky · Factual · 2008 Science and research methods
Resolved true Eliezer Yudkowsky Factual 2008 A mind accelerated a millionfold would accomplish a subjective year of thinking every 31 physical seconds. Eliezer Yudkowsky · Factual · 2008 Science and research methods
Mostly true Eliezer Yudkowsky Factual 2008 Human psychology seems to follow the rule that adding an additional detail can make a story more plausible. Eliezer Yudkowsky · Factual · 2008 Science and research methods
Mixed Eliezer Yudkowsky Factual 2008 General intelligence is a between-species difference, a complex adaptation, and a human universal found in all known cultures. Eliezer Yudkowsky · Factual · 2008 Science and research methods
Mostly true Eliezer Yudkowsky Factual 2008 Human beings do not recursively self-improve in a strong sense. Eliezer Yudkowsky · Factual · 2008 Science and research methods
Resolved true Eliezer Yudkowsky Factual 2008 Biases implicit in the availability heuristic affect people's estimates of risk. Eliezer Yudkowsky · Factual · 2008 Science and research methods
Mostly true Eliezer Yudkowsky Factual 2008 As of 2008 there is no shield that can deflect a nuclear explosion. Eliezer Yudkowsky · Factual · 2008 Other global risks
Mostly true Michael Burry Prediction 2008 Less leverage and lower returns on assets are now likely for financial institutions. Michael Burry · Prediction · 2008 Economics and markets
Resolved true Eliezer Yudkowsky Prediction 2008 Yudkowsky doubted that a thousandfold increase in AI hardware would buy anything like a thousandfold increase in effective intelligence, while noting that such doubt is not reliable without an analytical calculation. Eliezer Yudkowsky · Prediction · 2008 AI compute, hardware and data
Mixed Michael Burry Prediction 2008 Burry said he imagined that shares of most of these financial companies would become very boring before they became attractive again. Michael Burry · Prediction · 2008 Economics and markets
Mostly true Eliezer Yudkowsky Factual 2008 The bystander effect is usually explained as resulting from diffusion of responsibility and pluralistic ignorance. Eliezer Yudkowsky · Factual · 2008 Science and research methods
Mostly true Eliezer Yudkowsky Factual 2008 The human brain is not end-user-modifiable. Eliezer Yudkowsky · Factual · 2008 Science and research methods
Mostly true Eliezer Yudkowsky Prediction 2008 Most AI researchers will not want to make unFriendly AIs. Eliezer Yudkowsky · Prediction · 2008 AI safety and alignment
Mostly true Eliezer Yudkowsky Factual 2008 Generations of investigators tried and failed to understand stars, chemistry and biology, which acquired a reputation of being impossible for science. Eliezer Yudkowsky · Factual · 2008 Science and research methods
Mixed Eliezer Yudkowsky Factual 2008 The Kahneman, Slovic and Tversky edited volume helped establish the heuristics and biases field and was written with outside academic readers in mind. Eliezer Yudkowsky · Factual · 2008 Science and research methods
Mostly true Vinod Khosla Factual 28 Sep 2007 Utilities are currently forced to take the power the subject was discussing (power he said nobody needs at night), which he described as really just a tax. Vinod Khosla · Factual · 28 Sep 2007 AI policy and governance
Mixed Vinod Khosla Factual 28 Sep 2007 Oil interests are spreading disinformation, seeding doubts and mounting campaigns against first-generation products like corn ethanol. Vinod Khosla · Factual · 28 Sep 2007 Economics and markets
Mostly true Vinod Khosla Factual 28 Sep 2007 Strong government signals in Europe have made a big difference in advancing renewables there. Vinod Khosla · Factual · 28 Sep 2007 AI policy and governance
Mixed Vinod Khosla Factual 28 Sep 2007 US corn yields have increased sevenfold since 1920 due to technology and engineering. Vinod Khosla · Factual · 28 Sep 2007 Technology
Mixed Vinod Khosla Factual 28 Sep 2007 Oil interests are running massive PR campaigns against ethanol. Vinod Khosla · Factual · 28 Sep 2007 Economics and markets
Resolved true Vinod Khosla Prediction 28 Sep 2007 If solar photovoltaics grew 10,000 percent, they would supply about 4 percent of worldwide electricity. Vinod Khosla · Prediction · 28 Sep 2007 Technology
Mostly true Vinod Khosla Factual 28 Sep 2007 Geothermal power works extremely well in certain regions. Vinod Khosla · Factual · 28 Sep 2007 Technology
Mostly true Vinod Khosla Factual 28 Sep 2007 Khosla said he believed there had been relatively little controversy over cellulosic ethanol, and that most of the controversy had focused on corn ethanol. Vinod Khosla · Factual · 28 Sep 2007 Technology
Resolved true Vinod Khosla Factual 28 Sep 2007 Cement is one of the biggest producers of greenhouse gases. Vinod Khosla · Factual · 28 Sep 2007 Technology
Resolved true Vinod Khosla Factual 28 Sep 2007 Saudi Arabia, with a smaller population than California, gains or loses a trillion dollars in asset values each time the oil price moves by $4. Vinod Khosla · Factual · 28 Sep 2007 Economics and markets
Mostly false Vinod Khosla Factual 28 Sep 2007 The vast majority of scientists will say that these fuels give a 20 to 30 percent carbon reduction. Vinod Khosla · Factual · 28 Sep 2007 Technology
Mostly true Vinod Khosla Prediction 28 Sep 2007 Pricing carbon and requiring carbon capture and sequestration would probably add about 2 cents per kilowatt hour to the cost of coal power, depending on the carbon price. Vinod Khosla · Prediction · 28 Sep 2007 Technology
Mostly true Vinod Khosla Factual 28 Sep 2007 Khosla said he believed a massive amount of PR money was being funded by various oil interests, including oil companies and the American Petroleum Institute. Vinod Khosla · Factual · 28 Sep 2007 Economics and markets
Resolved false Vinod Khosla Prediction 28 Sep 2007 Khosla said he believed 50 million acres of US land could supply all US biofuel needs. Vinod Khosla · Prediction · 28 Sep 2007 Technology
Mostly true Vinod Khosla Prediction 28 Sep 2007 Even if Germany switched completely to photovoltaics, climate change's trajectory will not change unless India and China also adopt them. Vinod Khosla · Prediction · 28 Sep 2007 Technology
Resolved true Vinod Khosla Prediction 28 Sep 2007 There will be a mix of biofuels in the marketplace. Vinod Khosla · Prediction · 28 Sep 2007 Technology
Resolved true Vinod Khosla Prediction 28 Sep 2007 He did not believe clean coal would win in every area, because clean coal technologies would be so expensive that many renewables would come in cheaper. Vinod Khosla · Prediction · 28 Sep 2007 Technology
Mostly true Vinod Khosla Factual 28 Sep 2007 There are scientists who are not paid by anybody who believe climate change does not exist, though the speaker immediately added that "plenty" was a bit of a stretch. Vinod Khosla · Factual · 28 Sep 2007 Science and research methods
Mostly true Vinod Khosla Prediction 28 Sep 2007 Carbon capture and sequestration for coal plants will work technically. Vinod Khosla · Prediction · 28 Sep 2007 Technology
Mostly true Vinod Khosla Factual 28 Sep 2007 For the first 15 years solar photovoltaic cells were built, they took far more energy to produce than was ever got out of them in their lifetime. Vinod Khosla · Factual · 28 Sep 2007 Technology
Mostly true Bill Gates Factual 7 Jun 2007 For every person in the world who has access to this technology, five people do not. Bill Gates · Factual · 7 Jun 2007 Technology
Resolved true Bill Gates Factual 7 Jun 2007 Interventions costing under a dollar could save lives but were not being delivered. Bill Gates · Factual · 7 Jun 2007 Economics and markets
Mostly true Bill Gates Factual 7 Jun 2007 After being told to come back in a month, Bill Gates worked day and night on a software project that he said ended his college education and began his journey with Microsoft. Bill Gates · Factual · 7 Jun 2007 Their own work or organisation
Mostly true Jeremy Grantham Prediction Apr 2007 Because no similar global event has occurred before, the stresses to the financial system when the bubble bursts are likely to be unexpected. Jeremy Grantham · Prediction · Apr 2007 Economics and markets
Mixed Jeremy Grantham Factual Apr 2007 Good or excellent economic fundamentals combined with tightening credit often result in a falling market. Jeremy Grantham · Factual · Apr 2007 Economics and markets
Resolved true Jeremy Grantham Prediction Apr 2007 Markets are likely to be in for a bumpy ride after April 2007. Jeremy Grantham · Prediction · Apr 2007 Economics and markets
Resolved true Jeremy Grantham Prediction Apr 2007 The bursting of the bubble will hit all countries and all assets, with the probable exception of high grade bonds. Jeremy Grantham · Prediction · Apr 2007 Economics and markets
Mostly false Jeremy Grantham Prediction Apr 2007 The heart of the current bubble is probably private equity. Jeremy Grantham · Prediction · Apr 2007 Economics and markets
Mostly false Jeremy Grantham Prediction Apr 2007 In 10 years the current bubble may well be described as the private equity bubble, as 2000 is thought of as the internet bubble. Jeremy Grantham · Prediction · Apr 2007 Economics and markets
Mostly true Jeremy Grantham Factual Apr 2007 In May 2006 emerging markets declined by 25% in three weeks, during what was fundamentally their best year in history. Jeremy Grantham · Factual · Apr 2007 Economics and markets
Resolved true Jeremy Grantham Prediction Apr 2007 When the bubble bursts, the Fed and overseas equivalents will move to contain the economic damage, as the Fed did after the 2000 break. Jeremy Grantham · Prediction · Apr 2007 Economics and markets
Resolved false Jeremy Grantham Prediction Apr 2007 GMO's 7-year forecast implies U.S. equities would return minus 1.4% real per year as P/Es and profit margins revert to long-term averages. Jeremy Grantham · Prediction · Apr 2007 Their own work or organisation
Mostly true Steven Pinker Factual 1 Jan 2007 People estimate the probability of an event from how easily they can recall examples. Steven Pinker · Factual · 1 Jan 2007 Science and research methods
Mostly true Steven Pinker Factual 1 Jan 2007 Violence has declined over long stretches of history, and today is probably the most peaceful time in human history. Steven Pinker · Factual · 1 Jan 2007 Philosophy, ethics and society
Resolved true Steven Pinker Factual 1 Jan 2007 Robert Wright champions a theory that invokes the logic of non-zero-sum games. Steven Pinker · Factual · 1 Jan 2007 Philosophy, ethics and society
Resolved true Michael Burry Prediction 2007 The S&P 500 could easily finish 2008 with a negative return, dragging down crowded value-oriented investment funds. Michael Burry · Prediction · 2007 Economics and markets
Resolved true Warren Buffett Factual 2007 Berkshire's partners in owning MidAmerican Energy are Walter Scott, Dave Sokol and Greg Abel. Warren Buffett · Factual · 2007 Their own work or organisation
Resolved true Warren Buffett Prediction 2007 HomeServices will almost certainly be much larger a decade from 2007. Warren Buffett · Prediction · 2007 Economics and markets
Mixed Peter Thiel Factual 2007 René Girard, like Schmitt and Strauss, believes there is a disturbing truth about the city and humanity, and that the Enlightenment whitewashed away the issue of human violence. Peter Thiel · Factual · 2007 Philosophy, ethics and society
Resolved true Warren Buffett Factual 2007 Buffett said Berkshire believed its $16.9 billion gain in net worth during 2006 was a record one-year gain for any American business, leaving aside boosts from mergers. Warren Buffett · Factual · 2007 Their own work or organisation
Mixed Peter Thiel Factual 2007 In Girard's view, the Judeo-Western revelation may be slow because humans do not wish to hear its message, but it is not reversible. Peter Thiel · Factual · 2007 Philosophy, ethics and society
Mostly true Eliezer Yudkowsky Factual 2007 The process of visualizing a triangular light bulb is not really open to human introspection. Eliezer Yudkowsky · Factual · 2007 Philosophy, ethics and society
Mostly true Peter Thiel Factual 2007 Leo Strauss believes there is a truth about human nature that can in principle be known to humanity. Peter Thiel · Factual · 2007 Philosophy, ethics and society
Resolved true Warren Buffett Factual 2007 The overall insurance industry had a terrific year in 2006. Warren Buffett · Factual · 2007 Economics and markets
Resolved true Warren Buffett Factual 2007 Buffett said in 2007 that, fifty years earlier, Walter was the only investment manager he recommended to a St. Louis family looking for an honest and able investment manager. Warren Buffett · Factual · 2007 Economics and markets
Mostly true Peter Thiel Factual 2007 For Girard, a post-Darwinian account of humanity must somehow combine the gradualism of Darwinian evolution with the essentialism of the pre-Darwinians. Peter Thiel · Factual · 2007 Philosophy, ethics and society
Resolved true Eliezer Yudkowsky Factual 2007 The Copycat program has a limited store of preprogrammed concepts and does not learn further concepts through experience. Eliezer Yudkowsky · Factual · 2007 AI capabilities
Mostly false Peter Thiel Factual 2007 No real economic development took place through postwar wealth transfers, and even in the best cases the money returned to the West in Swiss accounts of Third World dictators. Peter Thiel · Factual · 2007 Economics and markets
Mixed Eliezer Yudkowsky Factual 2007 Smooth fitness landscapes are a necessary and fundamental outcome of evolution. Eliezer Yudkowsky · Factual · 2007 Science and research methods
Mostly true Peter Thiel Factual 2007 The United States became more secular and materialist over time, though most citizens continued to call themselves Christians. Peter Thiel · Factual · 2007 Philosophy, ethics and society
Resolved true Warren Buffett Prediction 2007 Berkshire's results from its bread-and-butter insurance lines will deteriorate in 2007, though Buffett said he thought they would remain satisfactory. Warren Buffett · Prediction · 2007 Their own work or organisation
Mostly true Eliezer Yudkowsky Factual 2007 Under GOFAI and formal logic, the classical view of concepts treats abstraction as information loss. Eliezer Yudkowsky · Factual · 2007 AI capabilities
Mostly true Warren Buffett Guidance 2007 After the Equitas transaction, Berkshire's annual DCRA cost will initially increase to about $450 million a year. Warren Buffett · Guidance · 2007 Their own work or organisation
Mostly true Warren Buffett Prediction 2007 Unrelenting pressures will cause the Buffalo News's profit margins to slide. Warren Buffett · Prediction · 2007 Economics and markets
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Steven Pinker

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Factual Philosophy, ethics and society

“Violence has been in decline over long stretches of history, and today we are probably living in the most peaceful moment of our species' time on earth.”

Steven Pinker, essay author 1 January 2007 A History of Violence (Edge.org)

Violence has declined over long stretches of history, and today is probably the most peaceful time in human history.

Mostly true True in substance, wrong in a detail.

The second judge would not resolve this claim; the verdict shown is the first judge's.

What would count as true or false

Two parts, judged as of 2007: (1) violence declined over long stretches of history; (2) the present is probably the most peaceful period in human history. True: the historical data available then (homicide rates, war deaths per capita, violent death rates in prehistoric versus modern populations) show long-term declines, and per-capita rates of violent death around 2007 were at or near their lowest recorded levels. Mostly true: both parts are broadly supported, with some measures or regions as exceptions, or 'most peaceful' supported for most but not all major measures. Mixed: the long-term decline is supported but whether the present is the most peaceful is substantially contested by the data, or vice versa. Mostly false: the decline holds only for narrow measures or regions and is presented as general, and the 'most peaceful' part is not supported. False: the evidence shows violence did not decline over long periods and the present was not unusually peaceful.

Evidence

  1. Long-Term Historical Trends in Violent Crime University of Chicago Press (Crime and Justice, Vol. 30) · 2003
    “Serious interpersonal violence decreased remarkably in Europe between the mid-sixteenth and the early twentieth centuries.”
  2. Monitoring Trends in Global Combat: A New Dataset of Battle Deaths - European Journal of Population Springer (European Journal of Population) · June 2005
    “Global battle deaths have been decreasing over most of this period, mainly due to a decline in interstate and internationalised civil armed conflict.”
  3. IN PREHISTORIC TIMES, WHEN VIOLENCE WAS REALLY VIOLENT Hartford Courant · 7 June 1994
    “The average annual violent death rate among the more recent tribal societies was 0.5 percent (500 per 100,000).”
  4. Data review: ethnographic and archaeological evidence on violent deaths Our World in Data · 2 August 2013
    “But on average they tend to be significantly higher than in modern state societies and the world today.”

Reasoning

E1 (2003) documents a large decrease in serious interpersonal violence in Europe from the mid-sixteenth to the early twentieth century. E2 (2005) reports that global battle deaths fell over most of the period it studied. E3 and E4 show that violent death rates in tribal and prehistoric societies were much higher than in modern state societies and the world today. Taken together, these support both a long-term decline and a present that is unusually peaceful. However, the evidence is partly regional (E1 covers Europe only) and does not show that every measure was at its lowest recorded level around 2007, so the verdict is mostly true rather than true.

Cite this claim

Steven Pinker, “Violence has declined over long stretches of history, and today is probably the most peaceful time in human history.” (said 1 January 2007). Verdict: mostly true. Reliability API, claim c_f16fb11c3cf6, method 0.1.0+28da144b. https://epistacklabs.com/claims/c_f16fb11c3cf6

Verdicts are made automatically; how verdicts and scores are made. The same data is on Hugging Face under CC BY 4.0.