Hardware 3 will far exceed the safety of the average human driver, though not be as good as Hardware 4.

The claim has two parts: (a) Tesla vehicles with Hardware 3 (HW3) will drive far more safely than the average human driver, and (b) HW3 will be less capable than Hardware 4 (HW4). Part (a) is the main test. 'So far exceed' means a large margin, roughly at least twice as safe, for example half or less of the human crash rate per mile on a comparable basis. TRUE: credible crash-rate data specific to HW3 shows its self-driving or Autopilot system (and in the end the self-driving system the claim is about) at about 2x or more safer than average human drivers on a comparable basis (similar roads and crash definitions), and HW4 shows better performance or capability. Tesla's own data counts only if it is broken down by hardware version and its method is disclosed. Independent or regulator analysis (for example NHTSA or an insurer) carries more weight. MOSTLY TRUE: HW3 is clearly safer than the average human, but by less than 'far' (about 1.3x to 2x), or the HW4 comparison is not documented. MIXED: the evidence is mixed. For example, HW3 beats humans only with supervision, or only on Tesla's own figures, which independent analysis disputes. MOSTLY FALSE: HW3 is not shown to beat human safety without a human supervising it. Examples: Tesla says HW3 cannot reach unsupervised self-driving without a hardware upgrade, or HW3 is left out of driverless or unsupervised programmes, while the only favourable data is for supervised Autopilot. FALSE: credible data shows HW3 driving at or below average human safety.

Set before the research began.

1. E1 Elon Musk admits that millions of Tesla vehicles won’t get unsupervised FSD The Verge · 22 April 2026 Own record

   “I wish it were otherwise, but Hardware 3 simply does not have the capability to achieve unsupervised FSD.”

2. E2 Elon Musk admits that millions of Tesla vehicles won’t get unsupervised FSD The Verge · 22 April 2026 Own record

   “relative to Hardware 4, it has only one-eighth of the memory bandwidth of Hardware 4.”

3. E3 Additional Information Regarding EA22002 Investigation National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) · 25 April 2024

   “system controls may be insufficient for a driver assistance system that requires constant supervision by a human driver.”

4. E4 Tesla Autopilot investigation closed after feds find 13 fatal crashes related to misuse TechCrunch · 26 April 2024

   “Gaps in Tesla’s telematic data create uncertainty regarding the actual rate at which vehicles operating with Autopilot engaged are involved in crashes.”

In E1, Musk is reported as saying that Hardware 3 "simply does not have the capability to achieve unsupervised FSD." The criteria list this exact situation as an example of mostly false. E2 supports part (b): HW3 has one-eighth of HW4's memory bandwidth. Independent sources give no HW3 crash rate showing it is safer than human drivers. NHTSA (E3) describes the system as requiring constant human supervision, and (E4) says gaps in Tesla's data leave the real Autopilot crash rate uncertain. So the main part of the claim, that HW3 would far exceed average human safety, is not shown by this evidence, and Musk has said HW3 cannot achieve unsupervised FSD [E1].