ClaimsSteven Pinker

“We know that there can be social improvement because we know that there has been social improvement, such as the end of slavery, torture, blood feuds, despotism, and the ownership of women in Western democracies.”

Steven Pinker, psychologist, interviewee 1 January 2002 A Biological Understanding of Human Nature (Edge.org) archived copy

Factual Philosophy, ethics and society

Western democracies have seen social improvement, including the end of slavery, torture, blood feuds, despotism and the ownership of women.

Unresolvable The public record could not settle it.

Factual: Statements about the present or the past, checked against the record: did they hold up?

The second judge would not resolve this claim; the verdict shown is the first judge's.

What would count as true or false

Judged as of 2002. True: historical evidence shows that by 2002 Western democracies had legally abolished, or largely ended, all five practices named: slavery, judicial and state-sanctioned torture, blood feuds, despotism and the legal ownership of women (coverture and similar laws). Mostly true: all five largely ended, but with minor exceptions (for example, isolated state torture cases or lingering legal remnants). Mixed: about half of these clearly ended and the rest persisted in a significant form. Mostly false: only one or two clearly ended. False: these practices largely continued in Western democracies in 2002.

Set before the research began.

Evidence (12)

  1. E1 Coverture - Wikipedia Wikipedia · 6 October 2004

    “Coverture was first substantially modified by late-19th-century Married Women's Property Acts passed in various common-law jurisdictions, and was weakened and eventually eliminated by later reforms.”
  2. E2 Coverture - Wikipedia Wikipedia · 6 October 2004

    “The 1974 Georgia Legislature passed a statute defining the husband as the "head of the family", his wife "subject to him", and her legal rights "merged in the husband".”
  3. E3 The Prohibition of Torture International Review of the Red Cross (ICRC)

    “From this time onwards torture may be taken to have definitely ceased in France.”
  4. E4 The Prohibition of Torture International Review of the Red Cross (ICRC)

    “The present age has seen the revival of torture, and in a form even more horrible than in past centuries.”
  5. E5 Coverture - Wikipedia Wikipedia

    “Coverture was first substantially modified by late-19th-century Married Women's Property Acts passed in various common-law jurisdictions, and was weakened and eventually eliminated by later reforms.”
  6. E6 Coverture - Wikipedia Wikipedia

    “Certain aspects of coverture (mainly concerned with preventing a wife from unilaterally incurring major financial obligations for which her husband would be liable) survived as late as the 1960s in some states of the United States.”
  7. E7 The Prohibition of Torture (International Review of the Red Cross) International Committee of the Red Cross

    “From this time onwards torture may be taken to have definitely ceased in France.”
  8. E8 Amnesty International Report 2002 - Annual Report Summaries Amnesty International · 28 May 2002

    “Torture and ill-treatment by state agents, often against members of ethnic minorities or foreigners,”
  9. E9 Abolitionism | Timeline | Britannica Encyclopaedia Britannica

    “1865 The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution officially prohibits slavery in the United States.”
  10. E10 Abolitionism | Timeline | Britannica Encyclopaedia Britannica

    “1807 Britain abolishes the slave trade in its colonies. The importation of enslaved persons is also officially prohibited in the United States. The practice of slavery continues in the South, however.”
  11. E11 Abolitionism | Timeline | Britannica Encyclopaedia Britannica

    “1848 Slavery is banned in all French colonies.”
  12. E12 Abolitionism | Timeline | Britannica Encyclopaedia Britannica

    “1888 Slavery is finally ended in South America when Brazil passes an antislavery law.”

Reasoning

The evidence covers the abolition of slavery (E9–E12), torture ending in France with a later revival (E3, E4, E8), and coverture being eliminated at an undated point, with remnants recorded into the 1960s and a 1974 Georgia statute (E1, E2, E6). No evidence item addresses blood feuds or despotism, so the material does not show whether all five practices had largely ended by 2002, as the criteria require.

Cite this claim

Steven Pinker, “Western democracies have seen social improvement, including the end of slavery, torture, blood feuds, despotism and the ownership of women.” (said 1 January 2002). Verdict: unresolvable. Reliability API, claim c_9e48d7dc38f6, method 0.1.0+28da144b, dataset release v1.1.2. https://epistacklabs.com/claims/c_9e48d7dc38f6

This claim is in dataset release v1.1.2, with the same verdict.

Reply to this claim

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More factual claims by Steven Pinker

  1. Mostly true Factual 11 October 2026
    “But in other kinds violence, such as homicides, the progress has definitely continued.”

    Progress against homicide has definitely continued, with homicide rates for most countries and for the world as a whole better now than 15 years ago.

  2. Mostly true Factual 11 October 2026
    “I float a number of hypotheses as to why cooperation and human flourishing in general have increased.”

    Pinker said he floats a number of hypotheses as to why cooperation and human flourishing in general have increased.

  3. Mostly true Factual 11 October 2026
    “Those were as old as civilisation.”

    Slavery and imperialism were as old as civilisation, predating the Enlightenment.

  4. Mixed Factual 26 September 2026
    “Nuclear doomsday scenarios in the 1960s set off not disarmament but an arms race with the Soviets.”

    Nuclear doomsday scenarios in the 1960s set off an arms race with the Soviets rather than disarmament.

  5. Mixed Factual 24 September 2025
    “More countries are democratic than not, even though if it’s fewer than it was 20 years ago.”

    More countries are democratic than not, though fewer than 20 years ago.

All of them

Verdicts are made automatically; how verdicts are made.