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But we now live in a world where the cat is out of the bag, at least to the extent that we know that the scapegoat really is not as guilty…
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Since September 11, our peace has been broken.
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2007 |
Leo Strauss believes there is a truth about human nature that can in principle be known to humanity.
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Philosophy, ethics and society |
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No new Alexander is in sight to cut the Gordian knot of our age.
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But also there cannot be a decision to avoid all decisions and to retreat into studying the Bible in anticipation of the Second Coming, for…
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Indeed, there is little in Strauss that is more clear than the need for less transparency.
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For Girard, a post-Darwinian account of humanity must somehow combine the gradualism of Darwinian evolution with the essentialism of the pre-Darwinians.
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The openly intellectual agenda of this essay is to suggest what that reexamination entails.
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the brute facts of September 11 demand a reexamination of the foundations of modern politics.
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the freedom of religion, for we cannot ever know what people are truly thinking in the temple of their minds;
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Prediction |
2007 |
In the long run, power and prosperity may go to those who follow Locke's capitalist rules, leaving religious fanatics without the wealth and technology to threaten the nonreligious West.
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Philosophy, ethics and society |
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2007 |
For there remains another very important boundary whose existence the American people had forgotten.
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No real economic development took place through postwar wealth transfers, and even in the best cases the money returned to the West in Swiss accounts of Third World dictators.
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Economics and markets |
| Unresolvable |
Prediction |
2007 |
One day all will be revealed, all injustices exposed, and perpetrators held to account.
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Philosophy, ethics and society |
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2007 |
The new science of economics and the practice of capitalism filled the vacuum created by the abandonment of the older tradition.
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In a capitalist world, violent debates about truth
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there exist in us no instinctual brakes that are strong enough to limit the scope of such rivalry.
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We need not heed Brecht’s call for more inspectors and inquisitors.
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In the debate between Strauss and Girard, perhaps the key issue of contention can be reduced to a question of time.
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The awareness of the West’s vulnerability called for a new compromise, and this new compromise inexorably demanded more security at the…
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Prediction |
2007 |
The postmodern world could differ from the modern world in a way that is much worse or much better.
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Philosophy, ethics and society |
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If one agrees with Schmitt’s starting assumptions, then the West must lose the war or lose its identity.
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Whatever its shortcomings, Schmitt’s account of politics captures the essential strangeness of the unfolding confrontation between the West…
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Eventually, ambitious people would come to learn that there is little one can do in politics and that all merely political careers end in…
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Inexorably, questions of virtue and religion became private questions
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At the same time, this loss has rendered the West vulnerable.
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The United States became more secular and materialist over time, though most citizens continued to call themselves Christians.
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Philosophy, ethics and society |
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From a Girardian perspective, the current political debates remain inadequate for the contemporary world situation
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Had he been born in America, bin Laden could have been a Rockefeller.
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And if the French literary theorist René Girard is even partially correct in his extraordinary account of the history of the world, then…
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Factual |
2007 |
After World War II, hundreds of billions of dollars in cheap loans or grants were channelled to Third World governments via the World Bank, IMF and other organizations to foster growth.
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Economics and markets |
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2007 |
Bin Laden would quote with approval the speeches of Cromwell and Urban I, requiring almost no changes at all.
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Avarice is no longer a mortal sin, and there is nothing wrong with the infinite accumulation of wealth
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1648 can be fixed as the single year that dates the birth of the modern era.
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But because the philosopher does not share all the theologian’s hopes and fears, there is more freedom in steering a middle course
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that must be decided in every specific instance.
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The world of the Enlightenment may have been based on certain misconceptions about the nature of humanity, but the full knowledge of these…
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Again, there is no disagreement with Tennyson on ends, but only on means.
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For how could mere talking or even great force deter a handful of crazy, determined, and suicidal persons who seemingly operated outside of…
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Indeed, the philosopher’s decision to write esoterically reminds us that even in America, the most liberal regime in history, there remain…
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Of all the mortal sins of medieval Catholicism, envy is the one closest to mimetic rivalry
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For as soon as the theoretical esotericism of the philosopher is combined with some sort of practical implementation, self-referential…
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The modern West has lost faith in itself.
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In the Enlightenment and post-Enlightenment period, this loss of faith liberated enormous commercial and creative forces.
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Bin Laden is a passionate man of wealth and power, so that his personal example reminds us of the boundary cases Locke so readily dismissed.
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The violence had failed to create a new unity.
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America’s antiquated military was not suited to fight such an enemy
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Locke’s argument proceeds in an understated manner; he does not wish to inflame passions by taking sides in the contentious debates of the…
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we no longer believe in the existence of a Gott mit uns in heaven.
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The Islamic side retains a strong religious and political conception of reality;
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There can be no worldwide political entity, but there is a possibility of a worldwide abandonment of politics.
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But the world has not yet come to an end, and there is no easy telling how long the twilight of the modern age will endure.
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This would be a Pyrrhic victory, for it would come at the price of doing away with everything that fundamentally distinguishes the modern…
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On the level of the individual, even at the end there will still remain a choice of sorts between Jerusalem and Athens.
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The question of human nature was abandoned because it is too perilous a question to debate.
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That murder is the secret origin of all religious and political institutions, and is remembered and transfigured in the form of myth.
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Factual |
2007 |
In René Girard's theory, knowledge of the founding murder is driven by the historical working of the Judeo-Western revelation.
Factual · 2007 |
Philosophy, ethics and society |
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2007 |
The successful popularization of such knowledge would be the only thing to fear
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In helping to craft the post-World War II centrist economic policy consensus, the Rockefellers had forgotten their own family history.
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Nevertheless, certain themes emerge and recur—the question of the city and humanity, the issues of founding and origins, and the relation…
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there is very little value in the state of nature, and most value has been added by human work or intellect.
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| Mixed |
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2007 |
The original expropriation of oil built as many as half of the greatest fortunes of the twentieth century.
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Economics and markets |
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2007 |
Schmitt’s solution to this impending defeat demands an affirmation of the political in the West.
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However, the new science of humanity must drive the idea of imitation, or mimesis, much further than it has in the past.
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Because these founding myths also served the critical role of distinguishing between legitimate and illegitimate violence, their unraveling…
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Most new wealth will be created by the strong enforcement of property rights going forward and will be enjoyed by those who play by the…
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Factual |
2007 |
Thomas Hobbes boasted of having deserted and run away from fighting in a religious war.
Factual · 2007 |
Philosophy, ethics and society |
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2007 |
And in that world outside the West, questions of religion and the purpose of humanity remained central;
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The progress of the Enlightenment has occurred at different rates in different parts of the world.
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Moreover, a direct path forward is prevented by America’s constitutional machinery.
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The world where everything seems to administer itself is the world of science fiction
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The challenge of that task is reflected in the difficulty of Strauss’s own writings, which are prohibitively obscurantist to the…
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Moreover, there will come an hour when this truth is completely known
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