Claims

2,653 claims by 33 public figures and organisations, checked against the public record. Each has its quote, source, verdict and evidence. Read them without a key; browse by person.

6,750 claims, sorted by newest said. Choose a claim to read it in full.
VerdictPersonKindSaidClaimTopic
Resolved true Marc Andreessen Factual 18 Apr 2020 As of April 2020 the US lacked enough coronavirus tests and test materials, including cotton swabs and common reagents. Marc Andreessen · Factual · 18 Apr 2020 Other global risks
Mixed Marc Andreessen Factual 18 Apr 2020 As of April 2020 there were not enough ventilators, negative pressure rooms and ICU beds. Marc Andreessen · Factual · 18 Apr 2020 Other global risks
Mostly false Marc Andreessen Factual 18 Apr 2020 One-to-one tutoring can reliably increase education outcomes by two standard deviations (the Bloom two-sigma effect). Marc Andreessen · Factual · 18 Apr 2020 Science and research methods
Not yet due Marc Andreessen Prediction 18 Apr 2020 The institutional failure over the coronavirus pandemic will have effects through the rest of the 2020s. Marc Andreessen · Prediction · 18 Apr 2020 Other global risks
Unresolvable Marc Andreessen Factual 18 Apr 2020 Every Western institution was unprepared for the coronavirus pandemic despite many prior warnings. Marc Andreessen · Factual · 18 Apr 2020 Other global risks
Resolved true Marc Andreessen Prediction 18 Apr 2020 The essay "It's Time to Build" will be the target of criticism. Marc Andreessen · Prediction · 18 Apr 2020 Their own work or organisation
Mostly true Marc Andreessen Factual 18 Apr 2020 Things built in huge quantities, like computers and TVs, drop rapidly in price. Marc Andreessen · Factual · 18 Apr 2020 Economics and markets
Mostly true Balaji Srinivasan Factual 31 Mar 2020 Peter Thiel had warned about biomedical red tape about five years before March 2020. Balaji Srinivasan · Factual · 31 Mar 2020 Biosecurity
Unresolvable Jim Cramer Factual 31 Mar 2020 Many doctors who have tried the treatment, which the quote does not name, have not been able to replicate the good results that had been reported. Jim Cramer · Factual · 31 Mar 2020 Science and research methods
Mostly true Balaji Srinivasan Prediction 31 Mar 2020 Censoring anyone in this way, let alone a head of state, will push people towards censorship-resistant platforms. Balaji Srinivasan · Prediction · 31 Mar 2020 Philosophy, ethics and society
Unresolvable Steven Pinker Factual 31 Mar 2020 The original Boas-school anthropologists believed in human nature but not in innate group differences; the blank-slate dogma is an extreme version of their view. Steven Pinker · Factual · 31 Mar 2020 Philosophy, ethics and society
Mostly true Balaji Srinivasan Factual 30 Mar 2020 It took about 10 years for the economy to recover from the Great Recession. Balaji Srinivasan · Factual · 30 Mar 2020 Economics and markets
Mixed Balaji Srinivasan Prediction 30 Mar 2020 When US stimulus checks arrive, people will spend them on consumer staples, after which prices will rise. Balaji Srinivasan · Prediction · 30 Mar 2020 Economics and markets
Resolved true Balaji Srinivasan Factual 30 Mar 2020 Europe has reported low quality masks and tests imported from China. Balaji Srinivasan · Factual · 30 Mar 2020 Biosecurity
Unresolvable Balaji Srinivasan Factual 30 Mar 2020 The subject said that @lymanstoneky has a compelling argument that what the graph shows is actually due to incomplete data for the last two weeks, because the historical figures are not final. Balaji Srinivasan · Factual · 30 Mar 2020 Biosecurity
Resolved true Steven Pinker Factual 30 Mar 2020 Steven Pinker and an epidemiologist were featured as Harvard experts in a Harvard article on the fate of the handshake. Steven Pinker · Factual · 30 Mar 2020 Other
Mostly false Jim Cramer Factual 30 Mar 2020 On 2020-03-30 falling oil prices were pushing down the S&P 500, with oil about to fall through $19 a barrel. Jim Cramer · Factual · 30 Mar 2020 Economics and markets
Unresolvable Nate Silver Factual 30 Mar 2020 Biden leads Sanders by 19 points in FiveThirtyEight's national Democratic primary poll average as of 2020-03-30, basically unchanged over several weeks. Nate Silver · Factual · 30 Mar 2020 AI timelines and forecasting
Unresolvable Nate Silver Factual 29 Mar 2020 As of 2020-03-29, the UK has tested about one-sixth as many people as the US and its detected case count is about one-sixth as high. Nate Silver · Factual · 29 Mar 2020 Biosecurity
Mixed Balaji Srinivasan Factual 29 Mar 2020 Vox did not accurately relay what experts were saying at the time; WHO had declared a global emergency in late January 2020, weeks before the Recode handshake piece. Balaji Srinivasan · Factual · 29 Mar 2020 Other
Mostly true Balaji Srinivasan Prediction 29 Mar 2020 The COVID-19 lockdown will not be the last lockdown. Balaji Srinivasan · Prediction · 29 Mar 2020 Biosecurity
Resolved true Nate Silver Factual 29 Mar 2020 The Netherlands considered a herd immunity strategy and its case fatality rate is now 7% as of 2020-03-29. Nate Silver · Factual · 29 Mar 2020 Biosecurity
Unresolvable Balaji Srinivasan Prediction 28 Mar 2020 Biotech and tech for remote work, autonomy and digital services are among the businesses that may survive or even thrive during the pandemic. Balaji Srinivasan · Prediction · 28 Mar 2020 Economics and markets
Unresolvable Balaji Srinivasan Factual 28 Mar 2020 There are more individual stories of wearables picking up COVID-19 symptoms. Balaji Srinivasan · Factual · 28 Mar 2020 Biosecurity
Mostly true Nate Silver Prediction 28 Mar 2020 The coronavirus peak in the NYC metro area will probably come sooner than elsewhere in the US. Nate Silver · Prediction · 28 Mar 2020 Biosecurity
Unresolvable Balaji Srinivasan Prediction 28 Mar 2020 Businesses aligned with fighting the coronavirus or defending against its direct and indirect effects may survive or even thrive. Balaji Srinivasan · Prediction · 28 Mar 2020 Economics and markets
Resolved true Balaji Srinivasan Factual 28 Mar 2020 Fear of retaliation may be why many doctors did not go on the record in recent weeks about equipment shortages. Balaji Srinivasan · Factual · 28 Mar 2020 Biosecurity
Unresolvable Nate Silver Factual 28 Mar 2020 Italy has increased coronavirus testing considerably over the past several days as of 2020-03-28. Nate Silver · Factual · 28 Mar 2020 Biosecurity
Unresolvable Nate Silver Factual 27 Mar 2020 As of 2020-03-27, detected coronavirus cases are increasing faster in red states than in blue states. Nate Silver · Factual · 27 Mar 2020 Biosecurity
Unresolvable Nate Silver Prediction 27 Mar 2020 Almost nothing Joe Biden does in the next few weeks will matter much for the November 2020 election. Nate Silver · Prediction · 27 Mar 2020 AI timelines and forecasting
Unresolvable Nate Silver Factual 27 Mar 2020 As of late March 2020, the UK has a considerably higher coronavirus death rate than the US, with similar positives per capita. Nate Silver · Factual · 27 Mar 2020 Biosecurity
Unresolvable Nate Silver Factual 27 Mar 2020 As of 2020-03-27, blue states have more detected coronavirus cases than red states. Nate Silver · Factual · 27 Mar 2020 Biosecurity
Unresolvable Steven Pinker Promise 26 Mar 2020 The 2020-03-26 Rationality class lecture on a rational model for climate action will be recorded and posted later. Steven Pinker · Promise · 26 Mar 2020 Their own work or organisation
Unresolvable Nate Silver Prediction 26 Mar 2020 Experts expect about 117,000 reported coronavirus cases in the US by Sunday 2020-03-29. Nate Silver · Prediction · 26 Mar 2020 Biosecurity
Resolved true Steven Pinker Factual 24 Mar 2020 Avoiding terms like 'Chinese Virus' and 'Wuhan virus' is part of a trend within medicine to avoid stigmatizing names for diseases and conditions. Steven Pinker · Factual · 24 Mar 2020 Philosophy, ethics and society
Resolved true Steven Pinker Factual 20 Mar 2020 John Ioannidis published a 2005 article that alerted scientists to the replicability crisis. Steven Pinker · Factual · 20 Mar 2020 Science and research methods
Unresolvable Steven Pinker Factual 20 Mar 2020 Tom Lehrer is a former MIT instructor, and The Professor's Songs is a performance from the 1990s. Steven Pinker · Factual · 20 Mar 2020 Other
Unresolvable Steven Pinker Promise 20 Mar 2020 Will MacAskill will give a virtual guest lecture in Pinker's Rationality course later in the spring 2020 semester. Steven Pinker · Promise · 20 Mar 2020 Their own work or organisation
Unresolvable Steven Pinker Factual 19 Mar 2020 Michael Shermer, editor of Skeptic, shared a Chapman University lecture on conspiracy theories and their psychological roots. Steven Pinker · Factual · 19 Mar 2020 Philosophy, ethics and society
Unresolvable Steven Pinker Factual 19 Mar 2020 The US spends about twice as much per student on tertiary education as Europe does. Steven Pinker · Factual · 19 Mar 2020 Economics and markets
Unresolvable Balaji Srinivasan Prediction 13 Mar 2020 Microbes are likely to eventually become resistant to hand sanitizer if it is widely used. Balaji Srinivasan · Prediction · 13 Mar 2020 Biosecurity
Mostly true Balaji Srinivasan Prediction 13 Mar 2020 A very large number of people may need to be tested for COVID-19 because there may be more spreaders than assumed. Balaji Srinivasan · Prediction · 13 Mar 2020 Biosecurity
Mixed Balaji Srinivasan Prediction 13 Mar 2020 Testing may need to become extremely routine, effectively mainstreaming genomics. Balaji Srinivasan · Prediction · 13 Mar 2020 Biosecurity
Resolved true Balaji Srinivasan Factual 13 Mar 2020 If about 100 people in San Francisco had the virus, there would be about a 10 percent chance that a 1,000-person gathering includes an infected person. Balaji Srinivasan · Factual · 13 Mar 2020 Biosecurity
Unresolvable Balaji Srinivasan Prediction 13 Mar 2020 SARS-CoV-2 is not necessarily going to evolve to become less lethal, since it is already highly contagious and asymptomatic for long periods. Balaji Srinivasan · Prediction · 13 Mar 2020 Biosecurity
Mostly true Balaji Srinivasan Prediction 13 Mar 2020 The pandemic will force everybody to treat remote work as primary rather than auxiliary. Balaji Srinivasan · Prediction · 13 Mar 2020 Economics and markets
Unresolvable Balaji Srinivasan Prediction 13 Mar 2020 COVID-19 could accelerate biomedicine as much as the Internet accelerated software. Balaji Srinivasan · Prediction · 13 Mar 2020 Biosecurity
Unresolvable Balaji Srinivasan Factual 13 Mar 2020 Given 10 deaths in Washington state, there are probably thousands of undiagnosed coronavirus cases there. Balaji Srinivasan · Factual · 13 Mar 2020 Biosecurity
Mostly true Balaji Srinivasan Prediction 13 Mar 2020 People will lean harder into social networks and online games as proxies for offline socialization because of the pandemic. Balaji Srinivasan · Prediction · 13 Mar 2020 Philosophy, ethics and society
Resolved true Balaji Srinivasan Factual 13 Mar 2020 Real-time PCR is not especially fast; 'real time' refers to something different. Balaji Srinivasan · Factual · 13 Mar 2020 Biosecurity
Unresolvable Balaji Srinivasan Prediction 13 Mar 2020 Eventually scientists will be able to trace the most recent roots of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, though perhaps not for some time. Balaji Srinivasan · Prediction · 13 Mar 2020 Biosecurity
Resolved true Balaji Srinivasan Prediction 13 Mar 2020 People who suffer severe COVID-19 may have long-term health impacts that are not yet known. Balaji Srinivasan · Prediction · 13 Mar 2020 Biosecurity
Mostly true Balaji Srinivasan Factual 13 Mar 2020 COVID-19 testing involves taking a swab from the patient's mouth or nose, sending it to a lab, and receiving a positive or negative result. Balaji Srinivasan · Factual · 13 Mar 2020 Biosecurity
Mostly true Balaji Srinivasan Prediction 13 Mar 2020 The pandemic will be a gigantic boost for every diagnostic and medical imaging company in the world, with defense-budget-level spending. Balaji Srinivasan · Prediction · 13 Mar 2020 Economics and markets
Mostly true Balaji Srinivasan Prediction 13 Mar 2020 Health screening of travellers will move to real time, within a day or an hour before boarding a flight. Balaji Srinivasan · Prediction · 13 Mar 2020 Biosecurity
Resolved true Balaji Srinivasan Factual 13 Mar 2020 COVID-19 is spreading uncontrollably on multiple continents, so it meets the definition of a pandemic. Balaji Srinivasan · Factual · 13 Mar 2020 Biosecurity
Resolved true Balaji Srinivasan Prediction 13 Mar 2020 COVID-19 will cause at least a recession, likely something more severe. Balaji Srinivasan · Prediction · 13 Mar 2020 Economics and markets
Mostly true Balaji Srinivasan Prediction 13 Mar 2020 2020 will establish a lasting new normal, as World War Two did for women in the workforce. Balaji Srinivasan · Prediction · 13 Mar 2020 Philosophy, ethics and society
Mixed Balaji Srinivasan Prediction 13 Mar 2020 Srinivasan said he thought China would build a nationwide system that constantly sequences and tests its population, then quarantines and vaccinates areas where a virus is rising. Balaji Srinivasan · Prediction · 13 Mar 2020 Biosecurity
Unresolvable Balaji Srinivasan Prediction 13 Mar 2020 Srinivasan said he thought pandemic defense would become a significant part of China's defense budget going forward. Balaji Srinivasan · Prediction · 13 Mar 2020 Biosecurity
Unresolvable Balaji Srinivasan Prediction 13 Mar 2020 Balaji Srinivasan said he thought trusted communities would start to emerge in which members have high trust that others are taking hygienic measures. Balaji Srinivasan · Prediction · 13 Mar 2020 Philosophy, ethics and society
Mostly true Balaji Srinivasan Prediction 13 Mar 2020 Work-from-home tools such as home office chat will get really good as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Balaji Srinivasan · Prediction · 13 Mar 2020 Technology
Resolved true Steven Pinker Factual 12 Mar 2020 The newest lecture in Gen Ed 1066, Rationality, is titled Social and Political Bias. Steven Pinker · Factual · 12 Mar 2020 Their own work or organisation
Own records only Vinod Khosla Factual 24 Feb 2020 Khosla Ventures does not allow IRR calculations when making an investment and never looks at them. Vinod Khosla · Factual · 24 Feb 2020 Their own work or organisation
Resolved true Vinod Khosla Factual 24 Feb 2020 OpenAI, a Khosla investment, is pursuing the goal of building artificial general intelligence (transcribed as 'ADR'). Vinod Khosla · Factual · 24 Feb 2020 AI capabilities
Unresolvable Vinod Khosla Factual 24 Feb 2020 Vinod Khosla said he first read about Andy Grove, a Hungarian immigrant who moved to the US and started a company, when he was 15. Vinod Khosla · Factual · 24 Feb 2020 Their own work or organisation
Resolved true Vinod Khosla Factual 24 Feb 2020 Square's current business was not part of the plan when Khosla Ventures originally invested; it started as a hardware dongle. Vinod Khosla · Factual · 24 Feb 2020 Economics and markets
Own records only Vinod Khosla Factual 24 Feb 2020 Khosla Ventures did not sell many of its portfolio companies and held on to them. Vinod Khosla · Factual · 24 Feb 2020 Their own work or organisation
Own records only Vinod Khosla Factual 24 Feb 2020 Vinod Khosla does not attend many board meetings now. Vinod Khosla · Factual · 24 Feb 2020 Their own work or organisation
Unresolvable Vinod Khosla Factual 24 Feb 2020 Square's stock is up roughly 8x to 10x since its IPO. Vinod Khosla · Factual · 24 Feb 2020 Economics and markets
Unresolvable Vinod Khosla Factual 24 Feb 2020 Vinod Khosla published his 2019 book recommendations on Medium.com, a list of more than 20 books. Vinod Khosla · Factual · 24 Feb 2020 Their own work or organisation
Unresolvable Vinod Khosla Factual 24 Feb 2020 Khosla Ventures basically does not invest in advertising tools now. Vinod Khosla · Factual · 24 Feb 2020 Their own work or organisation
Unresolvable Vinod Khosla Prediction 24 Feb 2020 Building artificial general intelligence, as OpenAI aims to do, may eliminate the need for people to work. Vinod Khosla · Prediction · 24 Feb 2020 AI, the economy and work
Unresolvable Vinod Khosla Factual 24 Feb 2020 Three people Vinod Khosla invested in won Nobel prizes after he invested in them. Vinod Khosla · Factual · 24 Feb 2020 Their own work or organisation
Own records only Vinod Khosla Factual 24 Feb 2020 When investing in Impossible Foods, Khosla Ventures made clear it would pass up profit rather than sell the company to a food company that might divert its mission. Vinod Khosla · Factual · 24 Feb 2020 Their own work or organisation
Own records only Vinod Khosla Factual 24 Feb 2020 Vinod Khosla interviews roughly eight to ten people a week, mostly for Khosla Ventures portfolio companies. Vinod Khosla · Factual · 24 Feb 2020 Their own work or organisation
Unresolvable Vinod Khosla Factual 24 Feb 2020 Khosla said his selection of 100 Khosla Ventures portfolio companies did not include successes such as Square, Stripe or Nutanix. Vinod Khosla · Factual · 24 Feb 2020 Their own work or organisation
Resolved true Demis Hassabis Factual 12 Feb 2020 Demis Hassabis received the 2020 Dan David Prize Future Award alongside Prof. Amnon Shashua. Demis Hassabis · Factual · 12 Feb 2020 Their own work or organisation
Unresolvable Bill Gates Prediction 10 Feb 2020 Global health work will become more important in future as climate change makes more people susceptible to disease. Bill Gates · Prediction · 10 Feb 2020 Other global risks
Resolved true Bill Gates Factual 10 Feb 2020 The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation was started 20 years before 2020. Bill Gates · Factual · 10 Feb 2020 Their own work or organisation
Mostly true Bill Gates Factual 10 Feb 2020 For the last 20 years the Gates Foundation has focused on improving global health and strengthening US public education. Bill Gates · Factual · 10 Feb 2020 Their own work or organisation
Unresolvable Bill Gates Factual 10 Feb 2020 By 2019, Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance had helped vaccinate more than 760 million children and prevent 13 million deaths. Bill Gates · Factual · 10 Feb 2020 Biosecurity
Resolved true Bill Gates Factual 10 Feb 2020 Gavi has brought more vaccines and supplies into the market while lowering prices. Bill Gates · Factual · 10 Feb 2020 Economics and markets
Resolved true Bill Gates Factual 10 Feb 2020 Gates said that "we" had known for a while that they wanted to give away the majority of their wealth from Microsoft and use it to make people's lives better. Bill Gates · Factual · 10 Feb 2020 Their own work or organisation
Mostly true Bill Gates Factual 10 Feb 2020 The Gates Foundation has spent $53.8 billion over its first 20 years. Bill Gates · Factual · 10 Feb 2020 Their own work or organisation
Mostly true Bill Gates Factual 10 Feb 2020 Vaginal gels were not effective at stopping HIV transmission, despite the foundation's optimism that they could prevent infection. Bill Gates · Factual · 10 Feb 2020 Biosecurity
Mostly false Bill Gates Factual 10 Feb 2020 An HIV-positive person receiving treatment now has the same expected lifespan as someone without HIV. Bill Gates · Factual · 10 Feb 2020 Biosecurity
Unresolvable Peter Thiel Factual 7 Feb 2020 In 2016, zero professors at the top five US law schools endorsed Donald Trump. Peter Thiel · Factual · 7 Feb 2020 Other
Resolved true Peter Thiel Factual 7 Feb 2020 China's per capita GDP is close to $10,000. Peter Thiel · Factual · 7 Feb 2020 Economics and markets
Mostly true Peter Thiel Factual 7 Feb 2020 The US economy was not deeply connected to the Soviet Union's during the Cold War. Peter Thiel · Factual · 7 Feb 2020 Economics and markets
Unresolvable Peter Thiel Prediction 7 Feb 2020 Peter Thiel predicts that returns to ideas will be positive and greater than at any time in the last 50 years. Peter Thiel · Prediction · 7 Feb 2020 Economics and markets
Unresolvable Peter Thiel Factual 7 Feb 2020 California was a 50/50 Republican-Democrat state 40 years ago and is now D+30, the second most Democratic state in the US. Peter Thiel · Factual · 7 Feb 2020 Other
Mostly true Peter Thiel Factual 7 Feb 2020 The US and Chinese economies are very deeply connected. Peter Thiel · Factual · 7 Feb 2020 Economics and markets
Unresolvable Peter Thiel Prediction 7 Feb 2020 The strategic balance between the US and China will stay very even for a really long time. Peter Thiel · Prediction · 7 Feb 2020 Other global risks
Mostly true Peter Thiel Factual 7 Feb 2020 The main way middle-class people in the US accumulate capital is by owning real estate, their house. Peter Thiel · Factual · 7 Feb 2020 Economics and markets
Unresolvable Peter Thiel Factual 7 Feb 2020 US student debt was $300 billion in 2000 and is $1.7 trillion as of early 2020. Peter Thiel · Factual · 7 Feb 2020 Economics and markets
Resolved true Demis Hassabis Factual 15 Jan 2020 The DeepMind Nature paper takes inspiration from its recent reinforcement learning work to shed new light on how dopamine works in the brain. Demis Hassabis · Factual · 15 Jan 2020 Science and research methods
Unresolvable Demis Hassabis Factual 15 Jan 2020 Two DeepMind papers were published in the same issue of Nature in January 2020. Demis Hassabis · Factual · 15 Jan 2020 Science and research methods
Resolved true Demis Hassabis Factual 15 Jan 2020 A DeepMind paper on AI and neuroscience was published in Nature on 2020-01-15. Demis Hassabis · Factual · 15 Jan 2020 Science and research methods
Resolved true Demis Hassabis Factual 15 Jan 2020 DeepMind's AlphaFold work, using deep neural networks to predict protein structures, was published in Nature on 2020-01-15. Demis Hassabis · Factual · 15 Jan 2020 Science and research methods
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Factual Biosecurity

“@lymanstoneky has a compelling argument that it's actually due to data incompleteness for the last two weeks.”

Balaji Srinivasan, author of X post 30 March 2020 Post by @balajis on X, 2020-03-30 (X)

The subject said that @lymanstoneky has a compelling argument that what the graph shows is actually due to incomplete data for the last two weeks, because the historical figures are not final.

Unresolvable The public record could not settle it.

What would count as true or false

The proposition concerns what the subject said, so it is judged on whether the statement was made. True: an archived tweet or post by Balaji Srinivasan from on or about 30 March 2020 says that @lymanstoneky has a compelling argument that the pattern in a graph is due to incomplete data for the last two weeks, with the historical figures not yet final. Mostly true: such a post exists, with small wording or date differences, or with the 'not final' reasoning only implied. Mixed: he cited @lymanstoneky on that data issue but without endorsing the argument, or about a different time window. Mostly false: he referenced @lymanstoneky on that topic but did not attribute the pattern to data incompleteness. False: the archived posts show no such statement, or a statement rejecting that argument.

Evidence

  1. Why the coronavirus may be killing more Americans than the government data says Vox · 29 April 2020
    ““Revisions AAAAALLLLLWAAAAAAAYS go up,” Lyman Stone, an economist and adjunct fellow with the American Enterprise Institute who has studied mortality rates, told me over email.”

Reasoning

The claim is about whether Balaji Srinivasan posted a statement on or about 30 March 2020 endorsing @lymanstoneky's argument on data incompleteness. The only evidence, E1, is an April 2020 Vox article quoting Lyman Stone on data revisions. It does not mention Srinivasan and does not show his post. Without an archived copy of the post, the evidence cannot show whether he made the statement.

Cite this claim

Balaji Srinivasan, “The subject said that @lymanstoneky has a compelling argument that what the graph shows is actually due to incomplete data for the last two weeks, because the historical figures are not final.” (said 30 March 2020). Verdict: unresolvable. Reliability API, claim c_b1d705e8b6db, method 0.1.0+c876030c. https://epistacklabs.com/claims/c_b1d705e8b6db

Verdicts are made automatically; how verdicts and scores are made. The same data is on Hugging Face under CC BY 4.0.