Claims

2,653 claims by 33 public figures and organisations, checked against the public record. Each has its quote, source, verdict and evidence. Read them without a key; browse by person.

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6,750 claims, sorted by newest said. Choose a claim to read it in full.
VerdictPersonKindSaidClaimTopic
Unresolvable Dario Amodei Factual 17 Aug 2015 Over the last 30 years, mathematicians, computer scientists and physicists applying their skills to biology have been quite successful but have not had the truly transformative impact initially hoped for. Dario Amodei · Factual · 17 Aug 2015 Science and research methods
Unresolvable Dario Amodei Prediction 17 Aug 2015 Greatly improved embryo screening will likely make it possible to prevent most genetic disease. Dario Amodei · Prediction · 17 Aug 2015 Science and research methods
Unresolvable Dario Amodei Prediction 17 Aug 2015 In the short term, comparative advantage will keep humans relevant and increase their productivity as AI advances. Dario Amodei · Prediction · 17 Aug 2015 AI, the economy and work
Unresolvable Dario Amodei Prediction 17 Aug 2015 It is plausible that "AI finance ministers and central bankers" could replicate or exceed the "10% accomplishment" that the surrounding text credits to human economic planners whose policy choices helped countries catch up with the developed world. Dario Amodei · Prediction · 17 Aug 2015 AI, the economy and work
Unresolvable Dario Amodei Prediction 17 Aug 2015 Once AI is broadly effective and cheap, the current economic setup will no longer make sense and a broader societal conversation on organizing the economy will be needed. Dario Amodei · Prediction · 17 Aug 2015 AI, the economy and work
Unresolvable Dario Amodei Prediction 17 Aug 2015 AI-enabled biological science may reduce the need for iteration in clinical trials by developing more accurate animal and cell models or simulations. Dario Amodei · Prediction · 17 Aug 2015 Science and research methods
Not yet due Dario Amodei Prediction 17 Aug 2015 Amodei guessed that diseases like PTSD, depression, schizophrenia and addiction can be figured out and very effectively treated. Dario Amodei · Prediction · 17 Aug 2015 Science and research methods
Unresolvable Dario Amodei Prediction 17 Aug 2015 The triumph of liberal democracy and political stability is not guaranteed and perhaps not even likely. Dario Amodei · Prediction · 17 Aug 2015 Philosophy, ethics and society
Not yet due Dario Amodei Prediction 17 Aug 2015 While AI is better at only 90% of a given job, the remaining 10% will make humans highly leveraged, raise compensation and create new complementary human jobs. Dario Amodei · Prediction · 17 Aug 2015 AI, the economy and work
Unresolvable Dario Amodei Prediction 17 Aug 2015 Amodei said he is open to the perhaps absurd-sounding idea that 1000 years of progress could happen in 5-10 years, but very skeptical that 100 years of progress could happen in 1 year. Dario Amodei · Prediction · 17 Aug 2015 Science and research methods
Not yet due Dario Amodei Prediction 17 Aug 2015 AI-accelerated neuroscience is likely to vastly improve treatments for, or cure, most mental illness and expand cognitive and mental freedom. Dario Amodei · Prediction · 17 Aug 2015 AI capabilities
Unresolvable Dario Amodei Prediction 17 Aug 2015 Once human lifespan reaches 150, longevity 'escape velocity' may be reached so most people alive today could live as long as they want. Dario Amodei · Prediction · 17 Aug 2015 Science and research methods
Mixed Dario Amodei Factual 17 Aug 2015 Human economic planners made the decisions that led to several East Asian economies' late-20th-century growth by pulling a few key levers such as export-led industrial policy, not by directly controlling whole economies. Dario Amodei · Factual · 17 Aug 2015 Economics and markets
Unresolvable Dario Amodei Prediction 17 Aug 2015 In the long run AI will become so broadly effective and cheap that human comparative advantage will no longer keep the current economy sensible. Dario Amodei · Prediction · 17 Aug 2015 AI, the economy and work
Unresolvable Dario Amodei Factual 17 Aug 2015 Markets function better in the developed world and are typically good at bringing down the cost of high-value technologies over time. Dario Amodei · Factual · 17 Aug 2015 Economics and markets
Not yet due Dario Amodei Prediction 17 Aug 2015 Amodei thinks 5-10 years after powerful AI is a reasonable timeline for a good fraction (maybe 50%) of AI-driven health benefits to reach even the poorest countries in the world. Dario Amodei · Prediction · 17 Aug 2015 AI capabilities
Unresolvable Dario Amodei Factual 17 Aug 2015 There is perhaps about one major biology discovery per year, and collectively these arguably drive over 50% of progress in biology. Dario Amodei · Factual · 17 Aug 2015 Science and research methods
Unresolvable Dario Amodei Prediction 17 Aug 2015 There is good reason to think AI-enhanced research will give us the means to make mitigating climate change far less costly and disruptive. Dario Amodei · Prediction · 17 Aug 2015 AI capabilities
Mixed Dario Amodei Factual 17 Aug 2015 Smallpox was fully eliminated in the 1970s, and polio and guinea worm are nearly eradicated with fewer than 100 cases per year. Dario Amodei · Factual · 17 Aug 2015 Biosecurity
Not yet due Dario Amodei Prediction 17 Aug 2015 Mind uploading is almost certainly possible in principle but likely will not be achieved within the 5-10 year window of powerful AI. Dario Amodei · Prediction · 17 Aug 2015 Science and research methods
Unresolvable Dario Amodei Prediction 17 Aug 2015 AI can likely do disease eradication and economic development tasks better than they are currently done. Dario Amodei · Prediction · 17 Aug 2015 AI, the economy and work
Not yet due Dario Amodei Prediction 17 Aug 2015 Because cancer death rates have fallen about 2% per year for decades, humanity is on track to eliminate most cancer in the 21st century at the current pace of science. Dario Amodei · Prediction · 17 Aug 2015 Science and research methods
Unresolvable Dario Amodei Prediction 17 Aug 2015 If 20% annual GDP growth were achieved in the developing world, sub-Saharan Africa would reach China's current per-capita GDP in 5-10 years. Dario Amodei · Prediction · 17 Aug 2015 Economics and markets
Unresolvable Dario Amodei Prediction 17 Aug 2015 Humans are likely to keep a relative or even absolute advantage over AI in the physical world for a significant time. Dario Amodei · Prediction · 17 Aug 2015 AI, the economy and work
Unresolvable Dario Amodei Factual 17 Aug 2015 Dario Amodei thinks and talks a lot about the risks of powerful AI. Dario Amodei · Factual · 17 Aug 2015 Their own work or organisation
Not yet due Ray Kurzweil Prediction 8 Jun 2015 Kurzweil predicts that within about 15 years (by around 2030) humans will put gateways to the cloud in their brains. Ray Kurzweil · Prediction · 8 Jun 2015 AI timelines and forecasting
Not yet due Ray Kurzweil Prediction 3 Jun 2015 Kurzweil predicted that by 2030 human thinking will be a hybrid of biological and non-biological thinking. Ray Kurzweil · Prediction · 3 Jun 2015 AI timelines and forecasting
Mostly false Ray Kurzweil Prediction 3 Jun 2015 Kurzweil predicted that humans will gradually merge with technology and enhance themselves. Ray Kurzweil · Prediction · 3 Jun 2015 AI timelines and forecasting
Unresolvable Yann LeCun Factual 27 May 2015 Deep convolutional nets have brought about breakthroughs in processing images, video, speech and audio. Yann LeCun · Factual · 27 May 2015 AI capabilities
Resolved true Yann LeCun Factual 27 May 2015 Deep learning methods have dramatically improved the state of the art in speech recognition, visual object recognition and object detection. Yann LeCun · Factual · 27 May 2015 AI capabilities
Mixed Yann LeCun Factual 27 May 2015 Deep learning methods have dramatically improved the state of the art in many other domains such as drug discovery and genomics. Yann LeCun · Factual · 27 May 2015 AI capabilities
Mostly true Yann LeCun Factual 27 May 2015 Deep learning uses the backpropagation algorithm to indicate how a machine should change the internal parameters that compute each layer's representation from the previous layer's. Yann LeCun · Factual · 27 May 2015 AI capabilities
Unresolvable Yann LeCun Factual 27 May 2015 The authors of the paper declare no competing financial interests. Yann LeCun · Factual · 27 May 2015 Science and research methods
Mostly true Yann LeCun Factual 27 May 2015 The acknowledgements, dated 2015, state that the authors Y.L. and Y.B. are fellows of the Canadian Institute For Advanced Research (CIFAR). Yann LeCun · Factual · 27 May 2015 Field building and careers
Mostly true Nassim Taleb Factual 18 May 2015 A study of inter-arrival times between tail conflict events finds that no particular trend can be asserted. Nassim Taleb · Factual · 18 May 2015 Science and research methods
Resolved true Nassim Taleb Factual 18 May 2015 The real mean of war casualties calculated by the dual method is considerably larger than the sample mean. Nassim Taleb · Factual · 18 May 2015 Science and research methods
Unresolvable Nassim Taleb Factual 18 May 2015 The dual method allows calculation of the real mean of war casualties. Nassim Taleb · Factual · 18 May 2015 Science and research methods
Resolved true Nassim Taleb Factual 18 May 2015 The paper applies extreme value theory methods to the dual distribution and derives its tail properties. Nassim Taleb · Factual · 18 May 2015 Science and research methods
Mostly true Nassim Taleb Factual 18 May 2015 Naive observation of conflict data severely underestimates the tail risks of conflicts. Nassim Taleb · Factual · 18 May 2015 Science and research methods
Resolved true Nassim Taleb Factual 18 May 2015 Potential war casualties are bounded by the world population. Nassim Taleb · Factual · 18 May 2015 Other global risks
Resolved true Nassim Taleb Factual 18 May 2015 The paper analyzes the robustness of its results to errors in historical reports, accounting for historians' unreliability and missing data. Nassim Taleb · Factual · 18 May 2015 Science and research methods
Mostly true Nassim Taleb Factual 18 May 2015 The paper examines statistical pictures of violent conflicts over the last 2000 years and develops techniques for handling incomplete and unreliable historical data. Nassim Taleb · Factual · 18 May 2015 Science and research methods
Resolved true Nassim Taleb Factual 18 May 2015 The paper's statistical results are at variance with prevailing claims of a "long peace", i.e. that violence has been declining over time. Nassim Taleb · Factual · 18 May 2015 Science and research methods
Unresolvable Nassim Taleb Factual 18 May 2015 The paper introduces a novel approach applying extreme value theory to fat-tailed variables that have a remote but finite upper bound. Nassim Taleb · Factual · 18 May 2015 Science and research methods
Unresolvable Yann LeCun Prediction 18 Feb 2015 Self-driving cars will use convolutional neural networks. Yann LeCun · Prediction · 18 Feb 2015 AI capabilities
Mostly true Yann LeCun Factual 18 Feb 2015 Deep Learning systems augmented with a memory module are starting to show impressive results in natural language processing. Yann LeCun · Factual · 18 Feb 2015 AI capabilities
Unresolvable Yann LeCun Prediction 18 Feb 2015 A form of common sense could be acquired by machines through predictive unsupervised learning. Yann LeCun · Prediction · 18 Feb 2015 AI capabilities
Unresolvable Yann LeCun Factual 18 Feb 2015 Yann LeCun has been obsessed with integrating learning end to end so machines learn good representations for over 30 years. Yann LeCun · Factual · 18 Feb 2015 Their own work or organisation
Mostly true Yann LeCun Factual 18 Feb 2015 The brain is much better than current artificial models at unsupervised learning. Yann LeCun · Factual · 18 Feb 2015 AI capabilities
Mostly true Yann LeCun Factual 18 Feb 2015 Shallow learning systems have one or two layers, while deep learning systems typically have five to 20 layers. Yann LeCun · Factual · 18 Feb 2015 AI capabilities
Mostly true Yann LeCun Factual 18 Feb 2015 The system would probably not be more accurate, but it can potentially recognize people among hundreds of millions. Yann LeCun · Factual · 18 Feb 2015 AI capabilities
Unresolvable Yann LeCun Prediction 18 Feb 2015 Deep Learning will be part of the solution for generalized intelligence. Yann LeCun · Prediction · 18 Feb 2015 AI timelines and forecasting
Mostly true Yann LeCun Factual 18 Feb 2015 A typical Deep Learning system is like a box with 500 million knobs, 1,000 light bulbs and 10 million training images. Yann LeCun · Factual · 18 Feb 2015 AI compute, hardware and data
Mostly true Yann LeCun Prediction 18 Feb 2015 Natural language understanding will be the next frontier for Deep Learning. Yann LeCun · Prediction · 18 Feb 2015 AI timelines and forecasting
Mostly true Yann LeCun Factual 18 Feb 2015 A trained classifier may also correctly classify cars and dogs it has never seen before. Yann LeCun · Factual · 18 Feb 2015 AI capabilities
Unresolvable Yann LeCun Prediction 18 Feb 2015 Deep Learning is part of the solution for machines representing relational and factual knowledge, but not the whole answer. Yann LeCun · Prediction · 18 Feb 2015 AI capabilities
Unresolvable Yann LeCun Prediction 18 Feb 2015 AI hype could easily lead to another AI "winter cycle". Yann LeCun · Prediction · 18 Feb 2015 AI timelines and forecasting
Resolved true Sam Altman Factual Feb 2015 Forty years before 2015, there was Pong. Sam Altman · Factual · Feb 2015 AI capabilities
Unresolvable Sam Altman Prediction Feb 2015 If humans are no longer the most-fit species, humans may go away. Sam Altman · Prediction · Feb 2015 AI safety and alignment
Unresolvable Sam Altman Prediction Feb 2015 At some point someone will probably try to give a program the fitness function of survive and reproduce. Sam Altman · Prediction · Feb 2015 AI safety and alignment
Mostly true Sam Altman Factual Feb 2015 Many respected neocortex researchers believe there is effectively one algorithm for all intelligence. Sam Altman · Factual · Feb 2015 Science and research methods
Mostly true Sam Altman Factual Feb 2015 Human brains do not look very different from chimp brains yet produce wildly different capabilities. Sam Altman · Factual · Feb 2015 Science and research methods
Unresolvable Sam Altman Factual Feb 2015 As of 2015, virtual reality is so advanced it is hard to tell from real, and computers can beat humans in most games. Sam Altman · Factual · Feb 2015 AI capabilities
Unresolvable Sam Altman Prediction Feb 2015 SMI is probably still somewhat far away, especially the ability to build killer robots without human help. Sam Altman · Prediction · Feb 2015 AI timelines and forecasting
Resolved true Sam Altman Factual Feb 2015 Most machine intelligence development involves a fitness function that the program tries to optimize. Sam Altman · Factual · Feb 2015 AI capabilities
Unresolvable Sam Altman Prediction Feb 2015 The progression of machine intelligence is a double exponential function. Sam Altman · Prediction · Feb 2015 AI timelines and forecasting
Unresolvable Sam Altman Prediction Feb 2015 A more probable scenario is that SMI, indifferent to humans, wipes them out while pursuing some other goal. Sam Altman · Prediction · Feb 2015 AI safety and alignment
Mostly false Sam Altman Factual Feb 2015 Altman wrote that in the previous 40 years there had been little progress on the parts of machine intelligence that seem really hard, such as learning and creativity. Sam Altman · Factual · Feb 2015 AI capabilities
Unresolvable Sam Altman Prediction Feb 2015 Superhuman machine intelligence will very likely be developed at some point. Sam Altman · Prediction · Feb 2015 AI timelines and forecasting
Mostly true Sam Altman Factual Feb 2015 Basic search with a lot of compute power has worked better than expected in machine intelligence. Sam Altman · Factual · Feb 2015 AI capabilities
Own records only Sam Altman Factual Feb 2015 Programs often achieve their fitness function in unpredicted ways, something Altman learned as a student in the Stanford AI lab. Sam Altman · Factual · Feb 2015 AI safety and alignment
Unresolvable Sam Altman Prediction Feb 2015 It is very possible that creativity and what we think of as human intelligence are an emergent property of a small number of algorithms operating with a lot of compute power. Sam Altman · Prediction · Feb 2015 AI capabilities
Unresolvable Sam Altman Prediction Feb 2015 Machine intelligence progress may look slow and then suddenly go vertical, with things getting out of control quickly. Sam Altman · Prediction · Feb 2015 AI timelines and forecasting
Unresolvable Sam Altman Prediction Feb 2015 Human-written programs and computing power are improving exponentially, and self-improving software will improve itself exponentially. Sam Altman · Prediction · Feb 2015 AI timelines and forecasting
Unresolvable Sam Altman Prediction Feb 2015 Altman said he thinks other threats, such as an engineered virus with a long incubation period and a high mortality rate, are more certain to happen than SMI but unlikely to destroy every human in the way that SMI could. Sam Altman · Prediction · Feb 2015 Other global risks
Unresolvable Sam Altman Prediction Feb 2015 Development of superhuman machine intelligence is probably the greatest threat to the continued existence of humanity. Sam Altman · Prediction · Feb 2015 AI safety and alignment
Mostly true Nate Silver Factual 2015 Donald Trump's overall favorability ratings in 2015 are about 30 percent favorable and 60 percent unfavorable, and have not improved. Nate Silver · Factual · 2015 Other
Not yet due Bill Gates Prediction 2015 Malaria will not be completely eradicated by 2030, but all tools needed to eradicate it will exist by then. Bill Gates · Prediction · 2015 Biosecurity
Not yet due Bill Gates Prediction 2015 Lives of people in poor countries will improve faster in the 15 years to 2030 than at any other time in history. Bill Gates · Prediction · 2015 Other global risks
Not yet due Bill Gates Prediction 2015 In 15 years the world will be poised to eradicate malaria as smallpox was and polio is being. Bill Gates · Prediction · 2015 Biosecurity
Not yet due Bill Gates Prediction 2015 More parents in poor countries will know their children aren't going to die. Bill Gates · Prediction · 2015 Other global risks
Unresolvable Bill Gates Prediction 2015 As costs fall and incomes rise, more people will afford online education and the world will be well on its way to high-quality education for everyone. Bill Gates · Prediction · 2015 Technology
Not yet due Bill Gates Prediction 2015 Online classes, now often disconnected from career paths, will become linked to career requirements. Bill Gates · Prediction · 2015 Technology
Mostly true GiveWell Factual 2015 In 2014, GiveWell tracked $27.8 million in money moved to its recommended charities. GiveWell · Factual · 2015 Their own work or organisation
Mostly true Bill Gates Factual 2015 NATO has a mobile unit that can deploy very rapidly. Bill Gates · Factual · 2015 Other global risks
Resolved true Bill Gates Factual 2015 The UN agreed on a set of development goals once before, in 2000, and the authors call it one of the best ideas for development either of them has ever seen; they say it focused the world on key measures of basics such as good health and a chance to get an education. Bill Gates · Factual · 2015 Their own work or organisation
Own records only GiveWell Factual 2015 The limited donor growth in 2014 is largely due to many new 2013 donors, particularly those giving under $1,000, not giving again in 2014. GiveWell · Factual · 2015 Their own work or organisation
Mostly false Bill Gates Prediction 2015 Guinea worm disease will be eradicated soon, thanks largely to President Jimmy Carter and the Carter Center. Bill Gates · Prediction · 2015 Biosecurity
Mostly true Bill Gates Factual 2015 Small loans have helped millions of people but have reached only a small fraction of the poorest, with relatively high interest rates. Bill Gates · Factual · 2015 Economics and markets
Unresolvable GiveWell Factual 2015 GiveWell's true 2014 money moved may be somewhat higher than the amount it recorded. GiveWell · Factual · 2015 Their own work or organisation
Resolved true Bill Gates Factual 2015 Bill and Melinda Gates wrote the 2015 Annual Letter about what the future holds. Bill Gates · Factual · 2015 Their own work or organisation
Not yet due Bill Gates Prediction 2015 Online education technology will advance even more over the next 15 years. Bill Gates · Prediction · 2015 Technology
Not yet due Bill Gates Prediction 2015 Over the next 15 years, lives of people in poor countries will improve more than anyone else's. Bill Gates · Prediction · 2015 Other global risks
Mostly true Bill Gates Factual 2015 At the Ebola outbreak there was no group of epidemiologists ready to deploy to identify the disease and its spread. Bill Gates · Factual · 2015 Biosecurity
Resolved true Nate Silver Factual 2015 With 75 percent of Republicans not voting for Trump, a candidate can still hold the plurality so long as the "no" vote is divided among a sufficient number of alternatives. Nate Silver · Factual · 2015 Other
Unresolvable Bill Gates Prediction 2015 Software will never replace teachers. Bill Gates · Prediction · 2015 Technology
Not yet due Bill Gates Prediction 2015 Language-learning software will let students speak aloud and give feedback on pronunciation. Bill Gates · Prediction · 2015 Technology
Unresolvable GiveWell Factual 2015 GiveWell's money moved calculation includes only donations it is confident it influenced. GiveWell · Factual · 2015 Their own work or organisation
Own records only GiveWell Factual 2015 GiveWell generally averages Google Analytics and Clicky website traffic data. GiveWell · Factual · 2015 Their own work or organisation
Unresolvable Bill Gates Prediction 2015 Advances in biology should dramatically shorten the time to analyse a pathogen and make fitting drugs and vaccines. Bill Gates · Prediction · 2015 Biosecurity
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Nassim Taleb

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Factual Science and research methods

“The dual method allows us to calculate the real mean of war casualties”

Nassim Taleb, paper author (abstract) 18 May 2015 On the statistical properties and tail risk of violent conflicts (arXiv)

The dual method allows calculation of the real mean of war casualties.

Unresolvable The public record could not settle it.

What would count as true or false

Judged as of 2015-05-18. True: the published 'dual distribution' method (Cirillo and Taleb, 2015–16) does what the claim says: it gives a mathematically valid estimate of the true (shadow) mean of war casualties, taking the bounded maximum into account, and the scholarly literature accepts it as doing so. Mostly true: the method does give such an estimate, but only under stated assumptions (e.g. a fitted tail, an upper bound), so 'real mean' slightly overstates it as an estimate. Mixed: the method's validity is substantially disputed in the literature, with roughly balanced support. Mostly false: the method yields only a model-dependent estimate that published critiques show to be unreliable, so calling it the 'real' mean overstates an unproven result. False: the method is shown to be mathematically invalid for estimating the mean.

Evidence

  1. Moments of undersampled distributions: Application to the size of epidemics arXiv · 31 January 2026
    “Cirillo and Taleb [Nature Phys. 16, 606 (2020)] propose a transformation from a so-called dual variable, which displays a power-law tail, to the total number of fatalities, which becomes bounded by the total world population. Here, we (i) show that such a transformation is ad hoc and unphysical;”
  2. Moments of undersampled distributions: Application to the size of epidemics arXiv · 31 January 2026
    “the real problem is not the non-existence of the mean value for power-law tailed distributions but the fact that the tail of the different theoretical distributions (which is what distinguishes one model from the other) is far from being well sampled with the available number of empirical data.”
  3. EMPTY STATISTICS quixoticfinance.com (blog) · 29 December 2015
    “(briefly, it allows them to introduce a ‘novel approach to apply extreme value theory’, the dual distribution).”
  4. What are the chances of war? TU Delft Research Portal (Significance, Wiley) · 8 April 2016 Own record
    “Pasquale Cirillo and Nassim Nicholas Taleb respond to December's “Ask a Statistician” column, explaining more about their work to understand the risk of violent conflicts”
  5. Moments of undersampled distributions: Application to the size of epidemics arXiv · 31 January 2026
    “Here, we (i) show that such a transformation is ad hoc and unphysical;”
  6. Moments of undersampled distributions: Application to the size of epidemics arXiv · 31 January 2026
    “We demonstrate that this is due to an unphysical divergence of the probability density of the number of fatalities at the highest-possible value.”
  7. Moments of undersampled distributions: Application to the size of epidemics arXiv · 31 January 2026
    “The lesson learned from here is that, as moments cannot be constrained, it is pointless to try to calculate them and one should rely on other metrics to assess risk.”
  8. Letters/Puzzle Significance (Royal Statistical Society / Oxford Academic) · 1 June 2016
    “Contrary to Cirillo and Taleb, we are perfectly aware that a stretch of time without a big war does not imply that a big war cannot happen.”

Reasoning

Among the evidence gathered, the only direct critique of the dual-distribution method is one arXiv preprint (E1, E2, E5, E6, E7). It calls the Cirillo–Taleb transformation ad hoc and unphysical and argues that moments cannot be constrained. However, it addresses the epidemic-fatality application rather than war casualties, it is a single preprint, and it postdates the 2015 judgment date. E12 disputes a different inference, not the mean calculation, and E3 and E4 only describe the method. This evidence does not show whether the scholarly literature accepts, disputes or rejects the method as a valid estimator of the war-casualty mean, so the criteria cannot be applied with confidence.

Cite this claim

Nassim Taleb, “The dual method allows calculation of the real mean of war casualties.” (said 18 May 2015). Verdict: unresolvable. Reliability API, claim c_4ee64540b9a2, method 0.1.0+28da144b. https://epistacklabs.com/claims/c_4ee64540b9a2

Verdicts are made automatically; how verdicts and scores are made. The same data is on Hugging Face under CC BY 4.0.