About one-third of US debt is held by foreigners.

'About one-third' is judged as roughly 28–38%. The measure is the share of US federal debt held by foreign (and international) holders, as of the latest data available in May 2026. True: foreign holdings divided by debt held by the public, or by total debt, falls within about 28–38% on the basis plausibly meant (debt held by the public). Mostly true: the share is about 25–28% or 38–40% on that basis, or it fits only on one of the two bases (public or total debt). Mixed: the share is about one-third on one basis and clearly off on the other (e.g. about 30% of public debt but about 24% of total). Mostly false: the share is about 20–25% on the most favourable basis, or it was about one-third only in the past (around 2008–2014) and is presented as current. False: below about 20% or above about 45% on every reasonable basis.

Set before the research began.

1. E1 Q&A: Gross Debt Versus Debt Held by the Public | Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget · 19 March 2026

   “Of debt held by the public, about 33% is owned by foreign entities, roughly 53% by private and public domestic entities, and about 14% by the Federal Reserve.”

2. E2 The Budget and Economic Outlook: 2026 to 2036 Congressional Budget Office · 11 February 2026

   “Of the $30.2 trillion in federal debt held by the public as of September 30, 2025, roughly 70 percent was held by domestic entities and roughly 30 percent was held by foreign investors”

3. E3 What shifting Treasury demand means now | State Street State Street Global Advisors · 4 October 2026

   “Foreign investors held about $9.2 trillion of federal debt at the end of 2025, equal to 31% of publicly held debt”

4. E4 Q&A: Gross Debt Versus Debt Held by the Public | Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget · 19 March 2026

   “As of today, the gross debt is $39.0 trillion.”

Independent sources put foreign holdings at about 30–33% of federal debt held by the public. CBO says roughly 30% as of 30 September 2025 (E2), State Street says 31% at the end of 2025 (E3), and CRFB says about 33% in March 2026 (E1). All three fall within the 28–38% range on the public-debt basis, which the criteria name as the basis plausibly meant. Measured against gross debt of $39.0 trillion (E4), the $9.2 trillion of foreign holdings is about 24%. The criteria's example for 'mixed' describes this kind of split, which makes this a borderline call between 'true' and 'mixed'. I chose 'true' because the criteria's first test accepts a share in range on the plausibly meant public-debt basis.