Nassim Taleb calls the mistake of applying artificial-lottery logic to real-world randomness the "ludic fallacy".

True if Taleb's published work (e.g. The Black Swan, 2007) defines the 'ludic fallacy' as mistaking the structured randomness of games or lotteries for real-world uncertainty. Mostly true if he uses the term for essentially this idea with a slightly different emphasis. Mostly false if he uses the term for a materially different concept. False if he does not use the term or it was someone else's term that he never adopted.

Set before the research began.

1. E1 Ludic fallacy - Wikipedia Wikipedia · 7 January 2007

   “The ludic fallacy, proposed by Nassim Nicholas Taleb in his book The Black Swan (2007), is "the misuse of games to model real-life situations".”

2. E2 Richard Austin's review of "The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable" by N. N. Taleb, Random House, New York 2008, IEEE Cipher, E84 May 24, 2008" IEEE Cipher · 24 May 2008

   “the attributes of uncertainty we face in real life have little connection to the sterilized ones we encounter in exams and games”

3. E3 The Black Swan: The impact of the highly improbable. Unknown (review of Taleb's Random House 2007 book, appears to be a Notices of the AMS review by a Berkeley academic)

   “The sterilized randomness of games does not resemble randomness in real life; thinking it does constitutes the Ludic Fallacy.”

E1 attributes the term 'ludic fallacy' to Taleb's The Black Swan (2007) and defines it as the misuse of games to model real-life situations. E3, a review of the book, states that thinking the sterilized randomness of games resembles real-life randomness constitutes the Ludic Fallacy. E2, a review of the book, contrasts real-life uncertainty with the sterilized uncertainty of exams and games. Together these independent sources match the criterion: Taleb defines the term as mistaking structured game randomness for real-world uncertainty.